The False Coins
You have 12 identical-looking coins, but one is either slightly heavier or lighter than the others. You have a balance scale and can use it only three times. How do you identify the false coin?
Divide coins into 3 groups of 4. First weighing: compare two groups. If balanced, the third group contains the false coin. If unbalanced, the lighter or heavier group contains it. Continue dividing and weighing to isolate the false coin.